Phytochemical Analysis and Antiangiogenic Potential of Gmelina Arborea Roxb. (Paper Tree) Fruit Exocarp Using Duck Chorioallantoic Membrane (Cam) Assay

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the Philippines and in the world. One of the critical events in the metastasis of cancer is angiogenesis which is the formation of new blood vessels. Prevention of the angiogenesis is necessary for the treatment of such disease. Antiangiogenic chemicals are needed to prevent the growth of blood vessels. Thus, this research would be beneficial to many people since it will pave way to the discovery of new drugs against cancer. The study aimed to evaluate the antiangiogenic property of Gmelina arborea fruit exocarp ethanolic extract (GFEEE) by conducting the Duck Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay. The various concentrations of Gmelina ethanolic extracts and the controls were applied on the tenth day of incubation and on the 12th day, the eggs were subjected to CAM assay. Analysis of Variance revealed that there was a significant difference among all the concentrations in terms of percentage CAM vascularity inhibition as compared to the positive control. However, among all the concentrations, 100% concentration of GFEEE has the highest percentage CAM vascularity inhibition. However, using Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Tests indicated that there was no significant difference in the percentage vascular inhibition between 75% and 100% concentration which implies that those concentrations have the same antiangiogenic effect. Moreover, the active constituents present in Gmelina fruit exocarp indicates that the results of the present study has a clinical effect and can be a potential source of natural antiangiogenic agents that can be possibly used as anti-tumoral agent and can lead to probable settling of the issue of expensive anticarciongenic drugs.

Keywords: Phytochemical analysis, Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay, Gmelina arborea fruit exocarp ethanolic extract (GFEEE), antiangiogenic potential